What is an EIA in Uganda?
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) evaluates the potential environmental effects of a proposed project before it begins. In Uganda, EIAs are regulated by the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) under the National Environment Act 2019.
When is an EIA Required?
| Project Type | EIA Required? |
|---|---|
| Road construction (national roads) | Yes — full EIA |
| Road construction (district roads above 10km) | Yes — simplified EIA |
| Large building development above 4 storeys | Yes |
| Industrial facilities and manufacturing | Yes |
| Mining and quarrying | Yes — full EIA |
| Wetland development | Yes — mandatory |
| Oil and gas facilities | Yes — full EIA |
| Small residential construction | Usually not required |
The EIA Process in Uganda
- Screening — NEMA determines whether full EIA or simplified process is needed
- Scoping — terms of reference established for what must be assessed
- Study — environmental consultant conducts baseline study and impact assessment
- Report preparation — EIA report compiled and submitted to NEMA
- Public consultation — affected communities given opportunity to comment
- NEMA review — technical review taking 3 to 12 months depending on complexity
- Decision — NEMA issues Certificate of Approval or rejection
EIA Costs in Uganda
- Small industrial project: UGX 15M — 50M
- Road construction: UGX 5M — 15M per kilometre
- Large mining or oil project: UGX 100M — 500M+
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